Carbureter for explosive-engines.



No. 790,173. PATBNTED MAY 16, 1905. F. A. BIEHN. GARBURETER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES;

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 2, 1903.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

No. 790,173. PATENTED MAY 16, 1905.

: P. A. BIEHN. V

GARBURETER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2 1903.

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UNITE STATES:

Patented May is, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

CARBURETER FOR EXPLOSlVE-ENGINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters lFatent No. 790,173, dated May 16, 1905.

Application filed March 2, 1903. Serial No. 145,799.

new and useful Improvements in Carburetors for Explosive-Engines, of which the follow ing is a specification.

My invention relates to carburetors for oilengines. 4

The main objects of my invention are to provide a carburetor adapted to mix fueloil and air in their passage to an engine-cylin der and to automatically adjust the relative proportions of such fuel-oil and air to meet the varying requirements of the engine under varying loads, to provide means for approximately adjusting the relation of the 'i'uel to the air-supply to suit weather conditions, and to so arrange the parts of the device that the relation of the parts of the mixer may be readily seen fromlthe exterior I accomplish these objects by the device shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a carburetor constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan of the same.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation, partly broken away, of the mixing-chamber.

In the construction shown the carbureter consists of a cylinder-body 2 and an oil-res ervoir 3, rigidly connected together. The body 2 is hollow and is divided into two compartments by means of a horizontal partition 4. The compartment 5 above the partition 4 forms a mixingchamber, and the compartment 6 below the partition 4 communicates with the exterior air through the air-inlet 7. Secured to the partition 4 and extending' through the middle part of the same is a vertically-disposed tube 8, through which the chambers 5 and 6 communicate with each other. The upper end of the tube 8 is provided with a plurality of V-shaped slits 9. The chamber 5 communicates with the cylinder of the engine (not shown) by means of a port 10, and the device is secured tosuch cylinder by the flange 11. The upper end of the body 2 is closed by means of a threaded cap 12, having therein a central aperture provided with a valve-plate 13. The valve-plate 13 is secured to a threaded stem 14, which is longitudinally slidable in a yoke 15, secured to the cap 12. The valveplate 13 is adjustable along the stem 14 and is locked to such stem by means of the j amnut 16. The valve plate 13 is normally urged into its closed position by means of a spring 17, which bears between the collar 15 on the yoke 15 and a collar 18,which is adjustably secured to the stem 14. The stem 14 extends through the plate 13 and below same and is provided at its lower end with a head 19 ,having a cylindrical part 20 fitting the interior of the tube 8 and having a conically-pointed part 21 below the same.

The lower end of the body2 is closed by a cap 22, which is provided with an upwardlyextending nozzle 23, projecting into the lower end of the tube 8 and communicating, by means of the passages 24 and 25, with the oil-reservoir 3. The openin of the passage 24 is controlled by means 0' a needle-valve 26, which isprovided with a threaded stem 27, extending through the stufling-box 28. Drain-holes 29 and 30 are provided in the tube 8 and the cap 22, so that any oil gathering in the compartments 5 and 6 of the body 2 will be drained away.

The reservoir 3 is closed at its upper end by means of a threaded cap 31, which is provided with a passage 32, communicating with the oil-supply. A float 33 is seated within the reservoir 3 and supported by the oil contained therein. The float 33 is provided withv a stem 34, which extends above the float and is conical at its upper end, forming a needle-valve 35, controlling the passage 32. The cap 31 is alsoprovided with an air-passage 36 and a rod 37, by means of which the float 33 may be released in case such float becomes stuck in its uppermost position.- The rod 37 is normally supported in its upper position by means of a spring 38.

The body 2 is provided with a circular opening 39, located directly opposite to the port 10 and closed by means of a threaded cap 40, which is provided with a glass light and the head 19 may be visible from the exterior of the body 2.

The operation of the device shown is as follows: Oil is supplied to the reservoir 3 through the passage 32. The float 33 is sup ported by the oil, and when the oil in the res ervoir 3 rises to a certain level, the needlevalve 35 closes the passage 32, cutting oll' further supply of oil. The passage 24 is controlled by the needle-valve 26, which is adjusted by the operator. The head 19 con-. trols the areas of the openings 9 in the upper end of the tube 8. It will .be seen that the areas of the apertures 9 are greater when the head 19 is in its uppermost position and that such openings may be entirely closed by the downward movement of said head. When the device is assembled, the relative position of the head 19 with respect to the valveplate 13 is regulated to suit the requirements of the engine, and the lock-nut 16 serves to maintain such relation.

During the suction-strol e of the engine the vacuum caused by the movement of the piston in the engine draws oil from the oil-reservoir 3 through the nozzle 23 and simultaneously draws air through the air-inlet 7 and u wardly through the tube 8. The stream 01' oil strikes the conical part 21 of the head 19, where it is broken into a fine spray and thoroughly mixed with air during its passage into the mixing-chamber 5. The gas formed by the mixture of oil and air in the chamber 5 is drawn into the engine-cylinder through the port 10.

The tension of the spring 17 is adjusted, by means of the collar 18', so that the valve 13 will tend to remain closed during the normal action of the engine under full load, and the mixture will then be determined by the position of the head 19 and the area of the apertures 9, according as said head has been previously adjusted. When the load on the engine is decreased, the engine will speed up on account of the increased ower due to the now excessive quantity or fuel supplied by the normal arrangement of the carbureter, and theincreased suction due to such increase of speed will draw the valve 13 downwardly, taking in additional air through the aperture in the cap 12, thus reducing the richness of the mixture, and consequently automatically adjusting the power of the engine to suit the load. As the plate 13 descends the head 19 also descendsin thetube S and simultaneously reduces the areas of the apertures 9. As the suction decreases the spring 17 causes the plate 13 to rise, and the richness of the mixture is again increased. This arrangement thus automatically governs the fuelsupply to suit the load on the engine. Variation of the relation between the oil supplied and the a1r to suit atmospheric conditions is adjusted by means of the needle-valve 26. The tension of the spring 17 is adjustable by means of the collar 18.

It will be seen that when the parts of the device are properly adjusted for the normal operation of the engine any variations in the load will be immediately compensated for by the movement of the valve-plate 13 and the head 19. As the level of the oil in the oil-reservoir 3 is lowered the Heat 33 descends and opens the needle-valve 35, admitting additional oil to said reservoir, and thereby maintaining said oil at an approximately constant level. The reservoir 3 is open to the atmosphere through the air-aperture 36. In case the needle-valve 35 should stick in its closed position, the same may be released by pushing downwardly on the rod 37.

It will be seen that numerous details of the construction shown may be altered without departing from the spirit of my invention. 1. therefore do not confine myself to such details except as hereinafter limited in the claims.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire. to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A carbureter comprising a casing di vided into two compartments Forming an airsupply chamber and a mixing-clnnnl)er; a mixing-tube communicating with both of said compartments; an oil-reservoir having a discharge-nozzle extending into the end oli said mixing-tube communicating with the air-supply chamber; said mixing-chamber having an outlet for connection to the cylinder or an engine, and having a port communicating with the outer atmosphere; a valve for normally closing said port; a plunger acting in said mixing-tube and connected with said valve; said mixing-tube having an opening through its wall connnunicating with the mixing-chamber and adapted to be closed or decreased in area by said plunger, substantially as described.

2. A carbureter comprising a casing di- .vid ed into two compartments forming an air supply chamber and a mixing-chaml)er; a mixing-tube comnnmicating with both ol said compartments; an oil-reservoir having a discharge-nozzle extending into said mixing-tube at its end communieating with the air-supply chamber; said mixing-chamber having an outlet for connection to the cylinder oi an engine, and having a port communicating with the outer atmosphere; a valve for normally closing said port; a plunger acting in said mixing-thin. and connected with said valve; said mixing-tube having a slot through its wall extending longitudinally thereof and communicating with the mixingchambcr and adapted to be closed or decreased in area by said plunger through the action of said valve, substantially as described.

3. A carbureter comprisinga mixingchamber having an outlet for connection to the cylinder of an engine; a mixing-tube hav ing one end communicating with said mixing-chamber and the other end communicating with a fuel-supply and with an air-supply; a plunger acting in said mixing-tube her with said fuel-supply and said normal air-supply; said means being automatically actuated to decrease such area through suction adapted to open said auxiliary air-valve, substantially as described.

5. A carbureter comprising a mixingchamber communicating with a normal airsupply and a iuel-supply, and having an auxiliary air-valve a spring for normally closing said auxiliary valve; a device for regulating the tension of said spring; means for decreasing the area of communication of said mixing-chamber with said fuel-supply and said normal airsupply; said means being held by said spring in position to'normally open such communication, and being adapted to decrease such area through suction in said mixing-chamber, exerted opposite to the action of said spring,- substantially as described.

6. In a carbureter, thecombination of a body having a mixing-chamber therein; a tube extending into said chamber and having in its side a triangular opening communicating with said chamber; a head fitting within said tube, being longitudinally slidable therein and adapted to move over said opening and control the area of same; an airinlet communicating with said tube; means for projecting a jet of oil along said tube and against said head; and means for moving said head along said tube, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a carbureter, the combination of a body having a mixing-chamber therein; a tube extending into said chamber and having in its side an opening communicating with said chamber; a head" fitting within said tube, being longitudinally slidable therein and adapted to move over said opening and control the area of same; an air-inlet communicating with said tube; means for projecting a jet of oil along said tube and against said head; a second air-inlet communicating with said chamber independently of said tube; a valve controlling said second inlet; and suitable connection between said valve and said plunger so arranged that the opening of said valve will cause said'plunger to move along said tube and reduce the area of said opening, substantially as described.

8. In a carbureter, the combination of a body having a mixing-chamber therein; a tube extending into said chamber and having in its side an opening communicating with said chamber; a plunger fitting within said tube, being longitudinally slidable therein and adapted to move over said opening and control the area of same; an air-inlet communicating with said tube; means for projecting a jet of oil along said tube and against said head; means for moving said lun er alon said tube' and a lass-covered b b l 23 opening in said body adapted to permit the operator to see the position of said plunger in said tube, substantially as and for the purpose described.

9. In a carbureter, the combination of a vertically-disposed hollow body; a transverse partition extending across the interior of said body; said body having therein an airinlet below said partition and an outlet-port above said partition a tube extending through said partition longitudinally of said body and having an opening in its side, above said partition; a nozzle secured within said body below said partition and extending into said tube and substantially parallel with same; an oil-reservoir connected with said nozzle and adapted to supply oil to same; a valveaperture in the upper end of said body in alinement with said tube; a valve controlling said aperture and normally urged into its closed position; a plunger connected with said valve, movable therewith, said plunger fitting within said tube and being adapted to move across and contract thearea of the opening in same, when said valve is opened, substantially as described.

10. A device of the class described com- IIO prising a chamber communicating with a norsaid means beingconnected with said auxiliary air-valve and actuated to decrease such area through suction adapted to open said auxiliary air-valve, substantially as described.

Signed at Chicago this 25th day of February 1903.

FRANK, A. BIEHN.

Witnesses:

BLANCHE MICHAEL, WM. R. RUMMLER. 

